You will hear a recording. Choose the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

1. The speaker tells us that cliches are the enemy of literature and art. They are words, phrases and images that have become stale through overuse and therefore have nothing new to say to us. They are an enemy to clear and original thinking, although they are sometimes useful in advertising to get a simple message across.
2. While cliches in writing reveal lazy thinking and are to be avoided at all costs, in the graphic arts they become essential, helping to get the message across quickly, clearly and with emotional force. This is especially true of advertising and propaganda where the impact must be immediate.
3. Cliches are worn out, overused and over-familiar phrases, and the etymology of the word helps to explain this. Originally, a cliche or stereotype was a printer's term for a pre-set block of type with phrases used frequently in the newspapers. The word has since adopted a negative meaning and careful writers avoid them where they can.

Solution

Correct Answer : 2
The speaker says: A cliche, as you know, is an overused and worn out phrase ... there is no greater danger to either education or thinking than the popular phrase ... Now. if you think of graphic design as a language with its own vocabulary, grammm; and so on, it too must have its cliches . ... the visual cliche is essential in the world of graphic
communication. This is certainly true when it comes to advertising and propaganda. The visual cliche can give immediate life to an idea and a clear meaning co what could be a mere abstraction.

You will hear a recording. Choose the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

1. Dolphins, whales and porpoises are all social animals, but some species are more sociable than others. This depends on the environment because a species adopts the lifestyle most suitable for this. Among olphins, forming groups makes it easier for them to find food, reproduce and gain knowledge. They are safer, too, because dolphins can communicate danger when there are threats around.
2. The speaker explains that whales, dolphins, and porpoises have evolved differently and face different threats. River dolphin numbers are declining, while ocean dolphins are doing well in spite of the threats they face. The reason for this is that ocean dolphins are better adapted for finding food and avoiding predators.
3. Dolphins have adopted group living as a response to living in close contact with other animals in the ocean, some of which kill dolphins for food. Living in social groups makes it easier to hunt for food and, in a dangerous environment, it makes sense in terms of safety to move about in large numbers.

Solution

Correct Answer : 1
The speaker says: All whales, dolphins and porpoises are social animals, although the degree of sociability varies greatly from one species to another . ... we can expect the group size adopted by a species to be the most suitable for
its environment and lifestyle . ... Some of the reasons for living in groups include greater efficiency in searching (or and catching food, benefits for mating, learning, defence, and sensory integration . ... For example. if one animal discovers a shoal of fish or a hungry shark, it can immediately pass on this information to the others in the group so that all may benefit.

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