You will hear a recording. Choose the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

1 The speaker talks about the use of memory in Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time and how memories are usually brought about by the taste or smell of something, in this case, a biscuit dipped in tea. So, it is the senses that provoke memories that can take us back to our childhood.
2 Using the writer Proust as an example, the speaker tells us how long-term memory works before going on to talk about short-term memory. Distant memories are usually involuntary and are brought to mind by something that stimulates one of the senses. Short-term memory also requires sensory input, but it lasts only a fraction of a second.
3 What we experience is processed by the brain into memories in three stages. First, there is the sensory input, which is momentary. This is then stored in the short-term memory. If this experience is important or meaningful to us, we will reinforce the memory, possibly by repetition, and it will then be stored in the long-term memory.

Solution

Correct Answer : 3

The speaker says: Experts believe that we store memories in three ways. First, there is the sensory stage which is to do with perception and lasts only a fraction of a second, ... These first perceptions and sensations are then stored in the short-term memory, which is the second stage. Finally, important information or information that has been reinforced by, for example, repetition, is then filtered into the long-term memory.

You will hear a recording. Choose the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

1 There are three main interpretations of the English Revolution. The longest lasting interpretation was that the Revolution was the almost inevitable outcome of an age-old power struggle between parliament and crown. The second sees it as a class struggle, and a lead-up to the French and other revolutions. Finally, the third interpretation sees the other two as too fixed, not allowing for unpredictability, and that the outcome could have gone either way.
2 The speaker reminisces about his views of the English Revolution when he was a student and how it seemed quite clear which side he was on - the aristocrats', not the puritans'. Later he realised there was more to it than that and there were several ways of interpreting the Revolution: as a struggle between the king and parliament, as a class war or as an unpredictable situation without clear sides.
3 The English Revolution has been interpreted in several ways by historians: as a fight between the aristocratic Cavaliers, who were open to life, and the serious Puritans; as a battle for power between parliament and the monarchy over the rights of Englishmen that had been going on for centuries; and as a class war similar to the French Revolution, of which it was a forerunner.

Solution

Correct Answer : 1

The speaker says: The first approach, which prevailed up until the middle of the 20th century, was that the Revolution was part of the age-old battle between parliament and the monarchy, ... the second approach saw it as a working class revolution, ... In other words. they saw it as a class war, and a forerunner of the French Revolution and those that came after. Historians who supported the third approach saw that things weren't as clear cut as the others thought . ... they focused on the details of the period immediately leading up w its outbreak and allowed for its unpredictability.

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