You will hear a recording. Choose the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

1 The subject is culture and the two kinds of it - material, which is to do with technology and science, such as genetics, and non-material, which is basically what we think about it, our beliefs and so forth. The speaker's main point is how our beliefs and attitudes resist developments in the material culture even when they know they are beneficial.
2 In comparing material with non-material culture - the first being the objects and technologies we create, and the second our customs, beliefs and attitudes the speaker gives greater emphasis to the material culture. He gives the example of the development of genetic science and the benefits it has brought to mankind, despite a fair amount of opposition.
3 For the purposes of argument, culture is divided into material and non-material, and the speaker's aim is to show how they both affect each other. Material developments in tools and technology can affect non-material culture, our customs and beliefs, and the other way around. Genetics is used as an example as it has changed the way we think about life, but also our beliefs have affected its rate of development.

Solution

Answer : 3

The speaker says: I want to take a quick look at how material culture ... affects the non-material culture, our customs, behavior, beliefs, attitudes, and so on. Now, of course, it works both ways ... Take, for example, genetic science. While many, if not most, people welcome the advances made in this field ... many, too, object to the idea of cloning.

You will hear a recording. Choose the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

1 The main point is to question whether the biographical facts of a writer's life are of any importance in evaluating his work. Hemingway is the example used here, and there does seem to be a direct connection between the events of his life and those in his books, but knowing this should not get in the way of a true critical judgement of the works.
2 The writer Ernest Hemingway had a particularly eventful and exciting life and a lot of his real-life experiences got into his books. The speaker thinks this is irrelevant and doesn't believe that having lived such a full life makes the books any better, but he regrets that people now would prefer to read the biographies of writers rather than the books they wrote.
3 It is difficult to tell whether the speaker approves of Hemingway's lifestyle or not. He was famously macho and spent a lot of time hunting wild animals, going to wars and getting into fights. All these things got into his books, and the speaker thinks that this is not necessarily a good thing as it means that too many people prefer to read about his life than read his books.

Solution

Answer : 1

The speaker says: Ernest Hemingway ... was badly wounded, hospitalized, and fell in love with a nurse. He wrote a novel about a man who was badly wounded in the First World War, was hospitalised and who fell in love with a nurse. The Spanish Civil War and the Second World War followed as did books about his experiences in them. Now, how much can we draw on a writer's biography to explain his work? It should, I believe, be irrelevant to the judgement you bring to the merits of the individual work.

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