A
One of the unsettled scientific questions in the late 18th century was the exact nature of the shape of the earth.
B
This fact was established in the 1730s by French survey expeditions to Ecuador near the Equator and Lapland in the Arctic, which found that around the middle of the earth the arc was about a kilometer shorter.
C
The length of one-degree arc would be less near the equatorial latitudes than at the poles.
D
While it was generally known that the earth was not a sphere but an ‘oblate spheroid’, more curved at the equator and flatter at the poles, the question of ‘how much more’ was yet to be established.
E
One way of doing that is to determine the length of the arc along a chosen longitude or meridian at one-degree latitude separation.

Solution

A, D, E, C, B.

‘A’ is introducing the topic. ‘D’ gives explanation for the question raised in point ‘A’. EC is a mandatory pair.

A
Experts such as Larry Burns, head of research at GM, reckon that only such a full hearted leap will allow the world to cope with the mass motorization that will one day come to China or India.
B
But once hydrogen is being produced from biomass or extracted from underground coal or made from water, using nuclear or renewable electricity, the way will be open for a huge reduction in carbon emissions from the whole system.
C
In theory, once all the bugs have been sorted out, fuel cells should deliver better total fuel economy than any existing engines.
D
That is twice as good as the internal combustion engine, but only five percentage points better than a diesel hybrid.
E
Allowing for the resources needed to extract hydrogen from hydrocarbon, oil, coal or gas, the fuel cell has an efficiency of 30%.

Solution

C, E, D, B, A.

C,E,D are linked together in a logical order and are giving information about fuel cells. BA is a pair because ‘the way will be open for a huge reduction…’ in B connects with ‘only such a full-hearted leap will allow the world to cope with mass motorization’ in A.

A
Then two astronomers-the German, Johannes Kepler, and the Italian, Galileo Galilei-started publicly to support the Copernican theory, despite the fact that the orbits it predicted did not quite match the ones observed.
B
His idea was that the sun was stationary at the centre and that the earth and the planets move in circular orbits around the sun.
C
A simple model was proposed in 1514 by a Polish priest, Nicholas Copernicus.
D
Nearly a century passed before this idea was taken seriously.

Solution

C, B, D , A.

Sentence C talks about time event and clearly, it is introducing the topic. Sentence B then talks about the model introduced by sentence C. D is the connecting sentence followed by A.

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